Below are found two venues of information on barns. The first concerns four abstracts on a few diverse topics on barns. Each abstract provides a broad overview of the presented topic. The second is a long list that entails thirty articles of various other topics on barns that have been written by EBC and published since early 1992. After this list is another list of nearly twenty articles that focuses exclusively on Pennsylvania barns. More articles will be added to both lists in the future.

ABSTRACTS OF BARN ARTICLES

Joinery in Dutch-American Barns This saved extended oak anchor-beam tenon came from the now ruinous dated 1766 Hoornbeck classic five-bay Dutch-American barn located in Accord in Ulster County, New York. At a length of nearly 21 inches this is one of the longest tenons in any Dutch related barn.   The Muller circa 1790 four-bay classic Dutch-American barn southwest of Middleburgh in Schoharie County, New York and now ruinous had white pine anchor-beams up to 22 inches in height. The extended tenon shown here is 21 inches across. It is one thing to hew or hand form a timber by use of a broad axe. But in separating the men from the boys look to the joinery present in an early building to really know the skill of a timber craftsman. Joinery of course was utilized by all framers in the erection of all ethnic timber framed buildings. However, when one looks at Dutch-American barns joinery or the process of uniting timbers together will be seen in two principal manners. The first way was by means of regular mortise and tenon joints – such joints will be seen in virtually all timber framed barns from Canada to the Deep South and points west. These joints include wedged dovetailed, half lapped, rafter connections and scarfed type joints. The second way are joints seen only in Dutch related barns – or anchor-beam joinery in the very distinctive and diagnostic H-frames. These tenons normally extend far beyond the posts they are joined to and appear as salient tongues of wood. These are the joints that only appear in certain areas of New York and New Jersey barns and almost nowhere else on the continent.
Dutch Barn Wood Species
North American barn builders did not randomly choose any species of tree from local forests that supplied the timbers they used in framing the barns they built. Builders most often selected forest trees that supplied certain qualities they were looking for. In the case of Dutch-American barns two tree species were used in the construction of perhaps 90 % of barns that have been identified in the last nearly 35 years – oak and pine. Pine (Pinus) – both the white variety and the pitch variety was utilized in the upper river valleys of eastern New York State where tremendous sized trees were available from the primeval forest. The big cross tie beams or anchor-beams can attain up to two feet in depth. In the lower river valleys oak (Quercus) was most often used both the white and red varieties. Some oak anchor-beams approach the two foot depth that is more often seen in pine barns. Finally, in the northern half of New Jersey barns are most often made of oak. Perhaps 8 to 10 barns have anchor-beams over 20 inches in height. The balance of tree species used in these barns is – hemlock, chestnut, tulip-tree and other hardwoods such as maple and ash and a few other tree types.		This massive sized oak tree could supply the greatest dimensioned anchor-beam in any Dutch-American barn. Tree is located in Congaree Natural Area in South Carolina.
Barns in your Own Backyard – Neglected and Forgotten in Pennsylvania Many of us like the ocean – you know the one that is full of water. Well, there is another great ocean that many of us have not paid too much attention to – the ocean of barns that appear all around us in Pennsylvania and other states for that matter. These are the ones where we need to look - in our own backyard. These are the old structures that are just beckoning us to look at, the ones that can tell us all kinds of things about the land and the farmers who worked the land in the past 250 years. These are the connections to the past that for many of us does not have too much reality. Just go down almost any old country road or lane and lurking behind some tall property trees or set off in an old over-grown field will likely be an old barn. But the next time you see an old barn safely pull off (if you can) to the side of the road and get out and really look at what is in front of you. Maybe if you want try to discern what type and style of barn you are looking at. It may be a fore-bay two level barn or it may be a very old type ground one level barn. But more importantly just absorb what you are experiencing – try not to label too much of anything. Just feel the spirit about the barn and the old farm. That is first and foremost. You can do it in your own back-yard.
Barn Diversity in West Central New Jersey If you are a native New Jerseyan like I am then you have likely experienced quite a bit of jabbing from other people – such as “New Jersey is the armpit of the country.” Or – “Well there’s a hell of a smell there.” It never ends. There is one thing however that most people are not aware of, not even native New Jerseyans. With no kidding - the west central part of the state has the greatest level of early barn diversity perhaps in the entire North American continent. Why – because it appears it was an area that was the great cross-roads of various cultural traditions. It was half way between the great area of New York and New England and much of New Jersey and Pennsylvania and areas south. In west central New Jersey there remain to this very day – Dutch-American barns, Pennsylvania German type fore-bay barns, swing beam barns, stone ground barns and English side wall entry barns. Especially with Dutch and German related barns there is a riot of hybrid type barns. More than 150 years ago they truly went crazy with all kinds of barn building expressions. So people can malign New Jersey all they want. Next time some one puts their nose up at New Jersey tell them about all the great early type barns near the Delaware River in the central part of the state. Then see what they say.

            
BARN ARTICLES
1– Westbrook Dutch Barn – Walpack Historical Society (New Jersey) – March and June 1992 issues.

2– “Mammoth in Monmouth County” – Timber Framing – June 1992.

3– “The Wemple Barn” – Timber Framing – June 1992.

4– “Dutch Anchor-beams in Pennsylvania Barns” – Dutch Barn Preservation Society Newsletter – Spring 1993 Volume 6 No. 1.

5 – “The Case of the Vanishing Barn” – Ulster Magazine – Winter 1995.

6– “What is a Dutch Barn Doing on English Soil?” – Orange Times Past – October 1995 – Volume 1 – Number 5.

7– “Eighteenth Century Ulster County Lap-Dovetail Dutch Barns” – Timber Framing – September 1996 – Number 41.

8 – “Joinery in Dutch-American Barns” – Joiners Quarterly – Number 32 – Aug/Sept/Oct 1996.

9– “Cantilevered Dutch-American Barns” – Timber Framing – February 1997 – Number 43.

10– “Framing Techniques as Clues to Dating in Certain Pre-Revolutionary Dutch Barns: Major and Minor Rafter Systems, Lapped Dove-tail Joinery, Verdiepinghs and other Traits” – Material Culture – Summer 1997 – Volume 29 Number 2.

11– “Dutch Barn Wood Species” – Timber Framing – December 1997 – Number 46.

12 – “Ninety Degree Roof Rotations in New Jersey Dutch Barns” – Material Culture – Spring 1999 – Volume 31 – Number 1.

13 – “Dutch Barns in the Stony Lands of Rockland County” – South of the Mountains – October – December 1999 – Volume 43 – Number 4.

14 – “The Dutch Barn in America” – de Halve Maen – Summer 2000 – Volume LXXIII – Number 2.

15 – “The Dutch Barn in America – Part Two” – de Halve Maen – Summer 2001 – Volume LXXIV – Number 2.

16 – “The Dutch Barn in America – Part Three” – de Halve Maen – Fall 2001 – Volume LXXIV – Number 3.

17 – “Barn Diversity in New Jersey”- Preservation Perspective – December 2003 – Volume XXII – Number 4.

18 – “The 1720’s Peter Winne House – Making Progress Every Day” – de Halve Maen – Spring 2004 – Volume 77 – Number 1.

19 – “Behind the Threshing Doors - An Inside Look at Some of the Earliest Barns in Pennsylvania” – Material Culture – Fall 2004 – Volume 36 – Number 2, Pg. 22 – 55.

20 – Article on diversity of American barns appeared in four volume “Encyclopedia of American Folklife” – published ME Sharpe – 2006.

21 – “Abbott Lowell Cummings’ Prescience and Dates for First Period Houses of Massachusetts Bay Colony Using Dendrochronology” – Material Culture – Fall 2006 – Volume 38 – Number 2.

23 – “New World Dutch Barns of Bergen County, New Jersey – Part One” Dutch Barn Preservation Society Newsletter – Spring 2007.

24 – “Barns in Your Backyard – Neglected and Forgotten” – Bucks-Lehigh Magazine – September/October 2007- Volume 1 Issue 3 – Pages 27-28.

25 – Barn Tour Guide Booklet for Saucon Valley Conservancy Barn Lecture and Tour – September 15th 2007.

26 – “New World Dutch Barns of Bergen County, New Jersey – (Part two)” Dutch Barn Preservation Society Newsletter – Fall 2007 – Number 20 – Issue 2

27 – “The Wemple Barn” – Timber Framing – Number 89 September 2008

28 – “Barn Roof Timbers that Helped Build Early German-American Culture in Pennsylvania – Liegender Dachstahl and other Roof Supports” – Der Reggeboge – Pennsylvania German Society – Volume 42 – 2008 – Number 1 issue.

29 – “From the Distant Past – Early Type Fackwerk German Ground Barn in Central New Jersey” – Der Reggebogge – Volume 42 – 2008 – Number 1 issue.

30 – “Homestead of Jacobus Bruyn – Pre-Revolutionary War era house and barn” – HVVA Newsletter – November/December 2008 – January 2009.

PENNSYLVANIA BARN ARTICLES
1 – Review of Pennsylvania Barn (author - Robert Ensminger) – Pennsylvania Folklife – early 1993.

2 – “Dutch Anchor-beams in Pennsylvania Barns” – Dutch Barn Preservation Society Newsletter – Spring 1993 Volume 6 No. 1.

3 – “The Pennsylvania Barn in New Jersey” – Timber Framing – June ‘98 – Number 48.

4 – “Two Singmaster Barns” – Macungie Historical Society Newsletter – Fall 2002 – Volume 3 – Number 2/3 Issue.

5 – “Behind the Threshing Doors - An Inside Look at Some of the Earliest Barns in Pennsylvania” – Material Culture – Fall 2004 – Volume 36 – Number 2, Pg. 22 – 55.

6 – “John Heyl – Hale and Hearty at 101 Years Old” – Pennsylvania German Society Newsletter – 2007.

7 – “Lower Macungie Township Historical Society Barn Survey Documentations” – Number 1 – July 2007

8 – “Barns in Your Backyard – Neglected and Forgotten” – Bucks-Lehigh Magazine – September/October 2007- Volume 1 Issue 3 – Pages 27-28.

9 – “The Old Stone Barn at the Michael Heller Farmstead” – Heller Homestead News – Vo.14, Fall – 2007 – Number 2.

10 – Barn Tour Guide Booklet for Saucon Valley Conservancy Barn Lecture and Tour – September 15th 2007.

11 – “The Old Stone Barn at the Michael Heller Farmstead – Part Two” – Heller Homestead News – Vol. 14 No. 3 – Winter – 2007.

12 – Review of Second Edition of Robert F. Ensminger’s book - Pennsylvania Barn – Its Origin, Classification and Distribution – Der Reggeboge – Pennsylvania German Society – 2006. Volume 40 – Number 1. Pgs 35 to 40. (Article published in 2007.)

13 – “The Old Berger Log Switzer in Shartlesville” – Andulhey Adler, January 2008. Volume 4 – Issue 1. Pgs 9 to 16.

14 – “ Stone Barns of the Oley Valley” – for the Pennsylvania Barn and Farm Foundation – in conjunction with the June 2008 Barn Conference and Barn Tour held at Kutztown University and the Oley Valley.

15 – Barn Tour Guide Booklet for Saucon Valley Conservancy Barn Lecture and Tour – ten barns and barn terms glossary – September 13th 2008.

16 – “Barn Roof Timbers that Helped Build Early German-American Culture in Pennsylvania – Liegender Dachstahl and other Roof Supports” – Der Reggeboge – Pennsylvania German Society – Volume 42 – 2008 – Number 1 issue.

17 – “From the Distant Past – Early Type Fackwerk German Ground Barn in Central New Jersey” – Der Reggebogge – Volume 42 – 2008 – Number 1 issue.

18 – “The Lerch Homestead Barn - Part One” – Heller Homestead News – Volume 15, Winter 2008 Number 4.

19 – “Pennsylvania Barn – Only One of Several Early Barn Types in North America.” Pennsylvania Barn and Farm Foundation – Inaugural Issue – December 2008.